change over long periods of evolutionary time.

the absence of occlusion between the upper and lower teeth.

the lower jaw.

the joint located at the center of the jaw that connects the two halves of the mandible that may or may not be fused.

tip of the thumb, or pollex.

tip of the index, or second, finger.

tip of the middle, or third, finger.

tip of the ring, or fourth, finger.

tip of the pinky, or fifth, finger.

[syn. manual middle phalanx 2] middle bone of the index, or second, finger.

[syn. manual middle phalanx 3] middle bone of the middle, or third, finger.

[syn. manual middle phalanx 4] middle bone of the ring, or fourth, finger.

[syn. manual middle phalanx 5] middle bone of the pinky, or fifth, finger.

the first bone of the thumb, or pollex, that articulates with the manual distal phalanx 1 and the first metacarpal.

the first bone of the index, or second, finger that articulates with the manual intermediate phalanx 2 and the second metacarpal.

the first bone of the middle, or third, finger that articulates with the manual intermediate phalanx 3 and the third metacarpal.

the first bone of the ring, or fourth, finger that articulates with the manual intermediate phalanx 4 and the fourth metacarpal.

the first bone of the pinky, or fifth, finger that articulates with the menual intermediate phalanx 5 and the fifth metacarpal.

upper part of the sternum or breast bone.

chewing food.

the attainment of the final stages of tissue or organ differentiation; marked in primates by attainment of puberty, full dental eruption, and epiphyseal union of the skeletal elements.

the upper jaw.

a relative term used to describe features that are closer to the midline or center of the body; the opposite of lateral.

the most medial tarsal bone on the distal row.

very large teeth.

pigmentation in the skin that is a component of color in plants and animals.

associated with the chin.

for premolars and molars, a relative term referring to the part of the tooth that is closer to the front of the mouth or lips; the opposite of distal.

bone between the wrist and thumb.

bone between the wrist and the index, or second, finger.

bone between the wrist and the middle, or thrid, finger.

bone between the wrist and the ring, or fourth, finger.

bone between the wrist and the pinky, or fifth, finger.

the distal cusp located on the buccal side of the upper molar.

the distal cusp located on the lingual side of the lower molar.

cartilage located between the diaphysis and the epiphysis that expands and eventually ossifies into bone; location of the growth plate.

the movement of a disease-producing agency from the site of disease to another part of the body; the change in form as the disease spreads.

bone between the tarsals and the first toe.

bone between the tarsals and the second toe.

bone between the tarsals and the thrid toe.

bone between the tarsals and the fourth toe.

bone between the tarsals and the fifth toe.

a place of articulation in the frontal bone of the cranium that divides the bone in half. Fusion of the frontal bones begins about the second year of age in humans.

changes over short periods of evolutionary time within a species or lineage.

the movement of an organism or group of organisms from one location to another with the intention of relocating to that new area for an extended period of time.

the minimum number of individuals (MNI) that would have had to have died in order to make up the assemblage. MNI is calculated by dividing the number of time each element occurs in an assemblage by the number of times it occurs in the skeleton of a single living individual. The MNI is the highest of the resulting numbers.

deoxyribonucleic acid found within mitochondria.

see minimum number of individuals.

a primate that possess a tail, exhibits quadrupedal locomotion, and is arboreal at least part of the time; found in either the Old or New World; members of the Callitrichidae, Cebidae, and Cercopithecidae families. In taxonomic classifications, monkeys are graded lower than hominins, but higher than prosimians.

a mating relationship involving only one male and one female.

in cladistics, a clade (i.e., group) that consists of a single common ancestor and all its descendants. Holophyletic is often preferred to its synonym monophyletic.

the form and structure of a feature.

the abbreviation for messenger RNA.

see mitochondrial DNA.

fibrous tissue in the body that contracts, which pulls on an attached structure creating movement.

a change in the genetic code as a result of an error during DNA reproduction.